The Strengths and Limitations of Time-Varying Covariate Growth Models ...predictors are related to within-person deviations in the outcome. This is our focus here. A Brief Review of Gro… Patrick Curran and Dan Bauer February 1, 2026
How can I define nonlinear trajectories in a growth curve model? ...growth model to protect against making biased inferences about the nature of change over time. Fortunat… CenterStat February 6, 2019
What is the difference between a growth model estimated as a multilevel model versus as a structural equation model? ...of purpose, there are two general approaches most often used to fit growth models to sample data. The f… CenterStat February 19, 2019
What exactly qualifies as intensive longitudinal data and why am I not able to use more traditional growth models to study stability and change over time? ...standard latent curve model or a multilevel growth model. (See our prior Help Desk entry on the relatio… Patrick Curran and Dan Bauer October 14, 2022
I fit a multilevel model and got the warning message “G Matrix is Non-Positive Definite.” What does this mean and what should I do about it? ...G to reference the covariance matrix of the random effects. For instance, for a linear growth mod… Patrick Curran and Dan Bauer July 22, 2021
What’s the best way to determine the number of latent classes in a finite mixture analysis? Finite mixture models, which include latent class analysis, latent profile analysis, and growth mixture mo… Patrick Curran and Dan Bauer November 11, 2021
Do you have any materials that demonstrate how to estimate structural equation models using lavaan in R? ...estimate a wide array of SEMs, ranging from simple path models to fully latent SEMs to growth curve mod… CenterStat April 25, 2019
How do you choose the best longitudinal data analytic method for testing your research questions? ...analyses, their relations to one another, and what types of questions each method is best suited to answer. We begin by … CenterStat April 2, 2019